Exercise Euphoria and Exercise Addiction

Exercise Euphoria and Exercise Addiction Addiction Addictive Behaviors Print The Science Behind Runners High and What to Do If Youre Addicted By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 20, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 16, 2020 Arnold Media/Getty Images More in Addiction Addictive Behaviors Caffeine Internet Shopping Sex Alcohol Use Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery We all know getting and staying healthy through exercise can feel good, but sometimes it can feel so good that people who exercise might wonder, can you get high from working out? And if you can actually get high on exercise, like you can from drugs, is it good for you or bad for you? The short answer is that yes, you can get high from exercise. And while the feeling of getting high itself is not harmful, like with drugs, you can be harmed while under the influence of this high feeling, as you may be less aware of the potential and real harms to your body. There is also a risk of getting addicted to the high you get from exercise, which can also be harmful. Benefits of Regular Exercise So do we need to be concerned that we are exercising too much? For most of us, the answer is no. Typically, people who dont exercise much find exercise hard work at the beginning, and it is only after your strength, stamina, and skill develop that you start feeling good during and after exercise. Even for those who have developed a regular exercise routine, look forward to working out, and feel great during and after exercise, the majority of people dont get to the point where exercising too much is a concern. There is wide variation on how much pleasure people derive from exercise, peoples predisposition to addiction and peoples individual neurological makeup, and it has been noted by neuroscientists that one of the main reasons that people with the intention of increasing exercise eventually quit  is a lack of enjoyment. If anything, most of us would benefit from exercising more and increasing our enjoyment of exercise to reinforce a regular exercise routine. Most people do not need to worry about getting addicted to exercise and should try to exercise regularly. Exercise improves your bodys functioning in many different ways and offers many benefits such as:?? Exercise gives you energy and increases your resistance to fatigue, meaning that although your body is working harder when you exercise, over time, you feel less tired than you did before you started working out.Exercise makes your muscles stronger, improving your ability to do many different active tasks, and increasing your independence, as you are less likely to need help with physical tasks.Exercise makes you more flexible, increasing the variety of physical activities you can do, whether or not they are directly related to exercise.Exercise improves your endurance, meaning you can continue to be physically active for longer periods of time than you can when you dont exercise, without straining yourself or feeling uncomfortable.Exercise makes your body more efficient at physical tasks, meaning you can do them with less effort, and feel less tired afterward, than if you dont regularly exercise.Exercise reduces your risk of injuries, such as lower-back problems.Exercise helps you t o manage your weight and can help you to lose weight if you have put on too much weight.Exercise decreases your risk of cardiovascular disease.Exercise reduces your risk of type 2 (adult onset) diabetes mellitus.Exercise lowers your risk of depression and can help manage the symptoms of depression for those who have it.Exercise may decrease the effects of aging through improved functioning during regular tasks of everyday life.Exercise can help people overcome other addictions.??Exercise helps you to get a good nights sleep and can help with sleep disorders.?? Exercise Can Help With Avoiding an Addiction Relapse So, you may be wondering, with such a litany of benefits, what could be  the problem with exercise? It sounds like the more the better, and you cant go wrong. For most of us, this is true, but for people with a personal or family history of addictions, those with unresolved emotional trauma, or those who are particularly sensitive to endogenous opioidsâ€"the drug-like substances produced by the bodyâ€"there may be a risk in exercising too much. What Is Runners High? The good feelings that people get from exercise, also known as euphoria, is a well-recognized phenomenon, often referred to as the runners high.   The positive feelings people get from exercise can be a great natural way to motivate you to exercise more regularly, can fight depression, and can be helpful for people who are trying to recover from alcohol and drug addictions. The problem comes from the psychological process of addiction, which can occur in people who experience runners high and can potentially lead to exercise addiction. The runners high happens naturally when people participate in  vigorous exercises, such as running, swimming, or aerobic exercise. It is caused by changes in the body and brain that occur during exercise, which may be similar to the processes that happen when people take opioid drugs, such as heroin.  Although this may seem far-fetched, researchers have found that endogenous opioid production occurs during intense aerobic exercise.??  So the physical processes of opioid use disorder and exercise addiction may be closer than you might think, as the bodys own endorphins are important in initiating both types of addiction. The euphoria you feel during and after exercise is not harmful. While its often referred to as runners high, these feelings can also occur with other forms of aerobic exercise. Like with the high that people get from taking opioid drugs, the runners high feels exhilarating, easeful, and comfortable. If you experience a runners high, you may cease to notice pain, or become comfortably numb. You may  experience an overwhelming sense of well-being, even if this does not reflect reality. You might continue exercising even though you know the physical activity is causing problems.?? For example, you may not be bothered by feeling too hot or too cold, and may even have a sense that these things dont matter, feeling a kind of invincibility, that you have superhuman strength and resilience, and can do anything and come out on top. Of course, these physical things all do matterâ€"people who get high on heroin and people who get high on exercise are just as vulnerable as anyone else to becoming ill from being over- or under-heated, or from the injuries that pain usually prompts us to take care of. People experiencing a runners high have been known to continue to engage in exercise or sports, even with serious injuries, such as broken bones. At the time, they either didnt notice they were hurt, or it didnt seem to matter. The Key Features of the Model of Addiction The Science Behind Runners High Scientists have studied the runners high, in order to understand the opioidergic mechanisms of the runners high in the human brain, and to identify the relationship of these drug-like chemicals, which occur naturally in the body, to the euphoria or high that people experience when they engage in intense exercise. Researchers have found a relationship between the number of opioids in the brain and the athletes mood.?? The level of euphoria was significantly increased after exercise. The findings of this research support the opioid theory of the runners high and suggest region-specific effects in frontolimbic brain areas that are involved in the processing of emotional states and mood. Research indicates that the brains of people who exercise excessively get exposed to high amounts of drug-like opioids, creating an intense high. The desire to experience the feeling again drives them to continue to exercise in excess. How to Know If Youre Developing an Exercise Addiction It is fine  to take pleasure in exercise. In fact, it is encouraged. Most of the time, this will not be harmful, and it will do you a lot of good. It is also fine for you to think about how you can improve your technique, or excel in whatever form of exercise or sport you are engaging in. Where it becomes problematic to gain pleasure from exercise is when it becomes your main focus in life. If you enjoy exercise, you should enjoy other aspects of life as well. If exercise is the only activity you enjoyâ€"with the exception of other addictive activities, such as sex, eating, work, TV, and of course, alcohol and other drugsâ€"you may be focusing too much on the high you get from exercise to the detriment of other areas of life. Are you enjoying a full social and/or family life? If all of the people you enjoy spending time with are exercise buddies, you may be taking it too far. This is particularly the case if you know that you have problems in your primary relationships, for example, with your parents, your partner, or your children, but you arent addressing these problems because you are focusing too much on escaping into exercise. If youre concerned about the possibility of having an exericse addiction, ask yourself the following questions:Do you feel you cant cope without the high you experience from working out?If you need to stop exercising, either because you are busy with other priorities, or because of a physical illness or injury, do you feel depressed or anxious? Perhaps it might be important to note that there are other conditions that can lead to too much exercise. Excessive exercise can also be frequently seen in those with eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia and can co-occur with food addiction.?? What to Do If You Are Addicted to Exercise If you think you might have an exercise addiction, keep a record of how much exercise you do, and when, as well as your mood before and after exercising, and when you are unable to exercise. If, after a week or so, you are noticing a pattern of using exercise for a runners high that you dont think you can cope without, talk to your doctor and relay your concerns outlined in the  mood and exercise diary. Your doctor can refer you to a mental health professional, who can help you to get your exercise under control, and help you to find joy in other aspects of life. What Is Exercise Addiction and Are You at Risk?

A Research And Articles Addressing The Growing Generation Y

Introduction The steady research and articles addressing the growing Generation Y, also known as Millennials, ranges from leadership styles, effective communication, career expectations, multi-generational work environments, relationships with supervisors and retention. Many studies conclude similar findings such as Millennials prefer a more personal leadership style, want rapid career advancement, transparency in organizational behavior and ethics, and a work/life balance in order to remain in the organization. Several theories discussed how to address these issues ranging from theory integration, positive reinforcement, ABC analysis, etc. However, none of the theories discusses token economies for Millennials and the effectiveness its†¦show more content†¦For example, information technology is a trade/skilled occupation and those who advance in this field introduce new and innovative techniques, algorithms, or designs. Those who do not are still skilled employees even with little exper ience. However, an industry in public or social services is more experienced based. A democratic leadership style would not be effective in public services, especially with the rules, regulations, and laws dictating the boundaries to which the employees must remain. Integration of Behavioral Theories. Organizations continue to suggest more behavioral strategies in the workplace. Behavioral management has started making its way to the forefront of business administration studies and specifically in organizational leadership. More colleges and universities are creating and providing organizational behavior management (OBM). These strategies can be customized for their industry and depend upon consistency to be effective. Deal, J. (2010) provided a theoretical framework for the integration of behavioral methods for organizations with multigenerational employees. Behavioral methods can be applied equally across all employees without having to alter leadership styles to be effective. ABC Analysis. The first step for an organizational management team would be to observe and record organizational behavior. If behavioral strategies are going to be used to modify employee’s behavior every team leader must understand why

Nursing Education and the Media P.I.S.D. Pathetic...

There has been another scratchy eruption of media generated P.I.S.D., attempting to inflate rapid nursing education programs. The latest gem comes from Arizona. Reviewing this topic again necessitates a brief re-education and a wee summary. The nursing profession, led along by the American Nurses Association, the National League for Nursing, the regulatory state boards and legions of advocates of nursing insist on blasting away at their own domain from their isolated machine-gun nests. Since oh, say 1860, this collective academy refuses to mandate a bachelors degree as the base academic entry point for Americas nurses. The consequences continue to be pathetic, embarrassing and dangerous. Hideously unprepared new RNs are thus†¦show more content†¦One result: Decades of front-loaded financial waste incurred by hospitals without a trace of publicity. Patient safety notifications, warnings and profession-generated advisories alerting the public to these elite recruits are blissfully missing. Years late, a complete outright immediate moratorium is necessary for all U.S. nurse-related visa programs. A 29% NCLEX pass rate: RES IPSA LOQUITUR. As for the existential state of U.S. based nursing programs, a bachelors degree entry point to qualify for licensed RN status is non-existent, save for a few token states. The organic pathologies are many. Hospitals prefer a cheaper undereducated labor force, better to stifle Zira and Cornelius. Rural areas with two-year RN programs dont want locals bailing for distant university settings, they wont return to Farmville. In Gotham City where both ADN and BSN nurses live, a kinetic frenzy exists to hire new grads. Larger hospital drones often integrate these grads into a staffing mix to care for your grandma, brother and spouse. For vast numbers of RNs, a two-year education is the Ivy League degree. Cascades of dreamy mission statements and decades of wasteful grant-funded initiatives from the Nurse Universe have simply failed to germinate the academic mesoderm in which to gestate nursings future cortical activity. Imagine the ensuing chaos if any school teacher anywhere, possessing but a two-year degree was turned loose inside any American

Coping with loss Free Essays

Loss we all go through this emotion in life. It’s a part of life and we learn and grow from it every day. It’s that strong hurt or painful feeling In your chest. We will write a custom essay sample on Coping with loss or any similar topic only for you Order Now That ping in your stomach that Just wont go away. Coping with a huge loss in your life Is one of most difficult things you can do. We have all experience this feeling In one way or another. I recently felt these tumbling emotions not too long ago In October. When I lost my dog my friend of fourteen years Blackly of old age. I remember the first day I got Blackly he was so small and cute. He had a long black coat that looked like you are staring into the darkest of nights. His coat was soft to the touch like cotton or silk. Blackly eyes were so warm and friendly inviting you to pet him. He came up to me and tried to Jump on me. But he fell off of me he was always a silly dog. He was the one I wanted out of that litter of puppies something about him made him stand out to me. It was a weird feeling but a good kind of weird. That moment in time when I got my first puppy changed my childhood forever and has taught me so much. Blackly has taught me so many things in life It Is hard to believe a dog could have such a huge Impact on one person’s life. On a warm summers afternoon I was in the back yard with Blackly. A nice warm summer’s afternoon a cool breeze drafting through the air. Smelling flowers, barbeques In the still summers air, early In the afternoon. The cicada’s In the tree’s making noise me carefree having a good time a boy and his dog. I lay on the pavement Blackly right by my side. He would always lay himself out spreading out all his legs. He was my little black carpet I used to call him. It seems kind of silly to be such close friends with an animal. Animals are so similar to people and have so such personality like us it’s unbelievable. I would always tell Blackly little secrets here and there about myself. How I used to say I don’t know what life is all about and what’s to come of my life. I was and scared what the future may hold for me and I go on being a silly ten year old boy. Talking to a dog but you know something as weird as It may sound. Blackly understood where I was coming from and how I was feeling In this world. That dog had such understanding I thought he was human for the looks he used to give me. He always did have this Brian your crazy look. Then as life seems to go on forever In this world death Is here to take It away from us. Blackly and me had so many fun adventures. From a simple walk around the block to me washing him and even watching movies together. Blackly was getting really old I’m nineteen and already in college having him for so long was such a great gift. I could tell he was going to leave me soon and I made sure I was by his side as much as I could be. But work and school kept me more busy and away. Then that day came in October which is so ironic because Blackly birthday was October fourteen and it was October thirteen. He died before he turned fifteen years old. The day I came home and saw that look on my mom’s face and that look in her eye’s I knew what she was going to say without her saying it. I’ll never forget what my mom said â€Å"Brian Blackly Is gone now but he walked around a little bit in the backyard and then laid back down fell asleep and never woke up. † I never cried so much before Like that In my life. My mom’s words shattered me Into so many pieces. It was Like glass that is broken and you trying to find and fix all the pieces together. I went over memories we shared together in my mind whirling around and around. I think that happened to him to before he left this world. He remembered all the fun times we had together. Blackly getting up and walking around the yard was such a shock to me. Pets don’t care if you’re perfect, rich, or different. They accept and love you for who you are as a person which is one thing Blackly left behind to me. It doesn’t matter who oh are people should love you for the way you are no matter what. That is the biggest lesson I learned while I had Blackly in my life up until this point. I think all pet owners feel this strong deep connection with their pets. The one thing people should do more of is not to feel sad and lonely once their pet is gone. Your pet would never want you to feel that way I know Blackly wouldn’t like it if I was sad. Losing an important part of my life my childhood has affected me greatly. I Just learn to control those strong deep emotions and hope in time they will heal over my saddened heart. How to cite Coping with loss, Papers

Freedom of Religion or Belief in Russia Essay Example For Students

Freedom of Religion or Belief in Russia Essay This paper will present freedom of religion or belief in the Russian federation context. It will focus on how religion is practiced in Russia, the relationship between people with different religious practices, tensions cause by differences in religion, and government interventions towards religion and belief. The Russian Federation like any other state constructed laws that regulate freedom of religion and belief. Different state construct different law based on; customary law, statutes, court presidents, administrative regulations and many more, while Russia chose the constitution. According to The Constitution of Russian Federation (1993), â€Å"Everyone shall be guaranteed the right to freedom of conscience, to freedom of religious worship, including the right to profess, individually or jointly with others, any religion, or to profess no religion, to freely choose, possess and disseminate religious or other beliefs, and to act in conformity with them.† It is not every country that accept and respect all religious practices, some countries practice no more than two religions, however the Russian federation have more than two religions. According to the RussiaPedia, (2013: internet), there are four official religions in Russia. Russian federation practices Buddhism, Christianity, Judaism, Islam and other religions that contributed to the historical background of its religion and culture. â€Å"Decades of Soviet rule left their mark: up to half of Russians declare themselves atheists, although figures vary. â€Å"(RussiaPedia 2013: Internet). The former Russian laws shaped the modern religious laws. The former communist party abolished religion; however the collapse of the former Soviet Union experienced the re-emergence of religions. The shifts in Russian religious practices are more transparent in the Russian calendar. After the Soviet Union had collapsed the general public started celebrating religious holidays once again for example; Russia celebrates Christmas and Easter holidays, although celebrating it differently from other countries. The Russian people celebrate Christmas day on 7th January, while other countries celebrate it on the 25th of December. Russians celebrate Christmas day on 7th of January is because the Russian Orthodox Church religious practices are still follow the Julian Calendar, which is said to be 13 days behind the Gregorian Calendar. In the Russian religious history, the Gregorian calendar is assumed to be embraced by different states universally and by non-Orthodox Church members. The Orthodox Church did not fall into the trap of the Gregorian calendar just because it is embraced by different states universally. The reason Orthodox chose a different a calendar is because their Easter celebration was going to change. The difference in the two calendars is the reason why some Eastern and Western countries celebrate Easter in different dates. â€Å"Easter comes on the first Sunday after the fool moon which follows the vernal equinox (March 21). However, March 21 according to the Julian calendar is April 3 by the Gregorian calendar, and in addition, Orthodox regulation stipulate that Easter must follow the Jewish celebration of Passover.† (Fairbairn 2002: 189). Therefore Easter in the East and West will never be celebrated on the same day. Christianity is the most practiced religion in Russian parts. Majority of the Russian people who practice Christianity are members of the Russian Orthodox Church. The other Christian groups are Baptists, Roman Catholics and Protestants. Non-Christian religions are the Islam, Buddhism and Judaism. Although Russian’s freedom of religion and belief is protected by law; discrimination and inequality still exists. Some religious beliefs and practices are undermined. Individuals are not treated equally because of what they believe in. The state representatives and other members of the general public prevent individuals from enjoying their freedom of religion. State representatives attempt to defend freedom of religion on paper, while creating contradictory statements, and implementing policies that prevent religious freedom. This is marked by a report in New York Times in, 16/09/2000. According to the report; state representatives gathered to discuss whether two neighboring Pentecostal churches should be legally registered. The two churches were judged on their religious practices, which is something prohibited by the Russian law of religion. The report also revealed that, the two churches were not allowed to be legally registers because it is assumed they use ‘psychol ogical manipulation’. Essay Freedom Of Religion By Annie Laurie GaylorThroughout history the U.S. government is known for its remarked work in trying to protect religious freedom. The U.S. implemented programs and policies that support religious freedom. These policies are beneficial to the foreign countries. With the aid of the U.S. policies, Russian is taking actions against the violation of religious freedom and beliefs. According to the International Religious Freedom Report for 2012, in Russia â€Å"embassy officials expressed concern about alleged abuses of the anti-extremism law. â€Å" Any state that is an active member of the United Nation is protected by the UN laws. Russian Federation joined in October 24, 1945. According to the United Nations cyberschoolbus; â€Å"Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.† Laws passed by the UN on freedom of religion and belief are the same laws that are available in the Russian constitutions. This implies that all laws passed by the member of the UN should comply with the laws passed by the UN itself. The difference will be the actions taken against a country that violate these laws. The reason why actions should be different is because different countries restrict freedom of religious and beliefs in different ways; others do intentionally, while others do it unintentiona l. Another reason the actions might differ is because all these countries have different official religions, religious practices, and beliefs. Russia should take full contribution in the programs and policies introduced by the U.S. government in U.S. Department and State. For instance; The International Religious Freedom Report for 2012 reflects that Russia has been showing concern about the abuse of the anti-extremism. Full contribution, will prove Russia’s willingness to fight against religious freedom, and practices violation. Other way in which Russia can reduce the level of religious freedom violation is through addressing the people of Russia about the policies and programs by the implemented U.S. government. It will be more useful to address the Russian people in a language in which they will understand than the language used in the U.S. This paper focused on how religion is practiced in Russia, the relationship between people with different religious practices, tensions cause by differences in religion, and government interventions towards religion and belief. Reference list Basic fact about Russia: Religion RussianPedia published 1 September 2013 Available on: http://www.ranec.ru/#!news/nws2/312F4868-4199-412B-95AF-4B25EFD528F1/basic-facts-about-russia%3A-religion CBC News. 2014. Crimea crisis: Canada to join U.S., EU with new Russian sanctions http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/crimea-crisis-canada-to-join-u-s-eu-with-new-russian-sanctions-1.2575297 Accessed: 2014.03.19 Fairbairn, D. (2002). Eastern Orthodoxy through Western Eyes 1st edn. Westminster John knox Press, Louisville Kentucky. Faulkner, W. (2014). Goodreads. Available from: http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/history-repeating-itself RT News 8 February 2012. Putin Promises to protect Christianity worldwide. http://rt.com/politics/putin-foreign-make-representatives-797/ Accessed: 2014.03.19 U.S. Department of State. 2012. International Freedom of Religion Report for 2012. http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?dlid#wrapper Accessed: 2014.03.19 United Nations cybershoolbus. (1996-2014). http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/humanrights/declaration/18.asp Accessed: 2014.03.19 The Constitution of the Russian Federation. (1993). Chapter two of Section one. Available from: http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/ch2.html The New York Times, 16 September 2000. Religious Freedom in Russia. Accessed: 2014.03.19

What is a thyroid gland How much do people unders Essays

What is a thyroid gland? How much do people understand about it? The organ is located at the base of the neck, surrounding the trachea. This seemingly insignificant body part plays a vital role in maintaining optimal development and ensuring the balance of an organism's central nervous system. In cases where it malfunctions, endocrine diseases may arise. This is reflected in Erica* who is a sufferer of grave's disease. This essay will first examine the effects of Erica's medical condition on her physical and psychological health and on her lifestyle. Secondly, Erica's personal perception of the disease and reaction to the diagnosis will be discussed. Next, environmental triggers and any other predictors that may have an impact on aspects of the disease will be addressed. Finally, emphasis will be given to Erica's expectations for the future. The author's own predictions will also be included strategically throughout the essay. Born and raised in Australia, Erica's parents were originally Vietnamese refugees who fled to Australia during the Vietnam War. At age 28, Erica is a female who holds the position of a sales and marketing manager. Erica is currently married and lives with her husband. Ando, Latif and Davies (2004) define Grave's disease as a prevalent autoimmune disorder resulting from the excess production of thyroid hormones. Hanna and Lafranchi (2002) suggest that this can be the effect of complicated interactions between external and internal factors. An example of this was that while Erica inherited the gene that caused Grave's disease from her mother, environmental stimulations such as a bacteria infection, stress or simply geographic variables such as her Asian background might have activated the onset of the disease. According to Erica, Asians are more prone to iodine-related diseases due to their low iodine diet. Erica was first diagnosed with a thyroid condition at the tender age of 21. Hanna and Lafranchi (2002) contends that females are five times more likely to experience hyperthyroidism as compared to males and that in the initial stage of the disease, symptoms are covert despite it having fatal consequences later on. Statistically approximately 0.4% of adults suffer from Grave's disease. The severity of Erica's illness and persistent sanctioning from her parents prompted her to seek medical help immediately. After having had her blood test taken, antithyroid drugs were administered by the doctor based on the laboratory results. This was indicative of the amount of radioactive iodine that is absorbed by the thyroid gland. A high iodine uptake translates to Grave's disease (Isaacs and Ruggieri, 2004). There are three types of treatment for hyperthyroidism. They are antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive therapy (RAI) and surgery with the first type of treatment being the most common and the last being rare (Isaacs and Ruggieri, 2004). Cooper (2005) explains that the use of such immunosuppressive drugs have an advantage over other more dangerous measures such as radiation therapy and surgery. This is largely because oral medication is more affordable and perceived as less life threatening. However, it is unknown to many that RAI can also be administered in medication form- as a radioactive pill ingested orally (Hanna and Lafranchi, 2002). Besides, surveys comparing the effectiveness of the three main treatments of hyperthyroidism have demonstrated up to 90% success rate for each. However, this form of treatment is more time consuming and requires long-term commitment in that frequent tests on the thyroid needs to be done at least once every month until the amount of thyroid hormones secreted appear to be of an acceptable level. If this data remains consistent for the next three months, the amount of drug administered could be lowered and eventually ceased within the span of 18 months (Cooper, 2005). According to Er ica, her doctor had to monitor the development of her thyroid. This means that she was required to undergo blood tests on a monthly basis. Understandably, it was tricky to know the exact amount of medication to prescribe since her condition varied periodically, without adhering to a specific trend. Cooper (2005) asserts that an overdose may lead to hypothyroidism while insufficient administration will result in uncontrolled levels of hyperthyroidism. Personally, Erica felt that visits to the practitioner posed as an inconvenience because of her busy schedule at university. The

The top three U.S. cities to start a business

The top three U.S. cities to start a business Attention entrepreneurs: We know that you’re eager to kickstart your business idea and build it into the next wildly successful corporate empire. After all, fortune favors the bold, and a commonly shared trait amongst successful entrepreneurs is an unwavering self-confidence at all costs and a capacity to handle risk. However, that doesn’t mean you should blindly leap forward before carefully weighing all of the variables that typically make or break new startups- this includes where you decide to get started, which can be just as important as the how and why parts of the new business equation.  It’s true- when it comes to starting, owning, and operating a business in America, all cities are not created equal. In addition to the obvious things like climate, location, and existing infrastructure in your specific industry, there are a host of key variables to consider when choosing which city is the ideal home for your burgeoning business.Inc. recently ran an article on America’s top surge cities- cities whose high ratings in the following key metrics make them ideal places for starting a new business: job creation, population growth, net business creation, rate of entrepreneurship, wage growth, high-growth company density, and early-stage fundraising.  Whether your goal is a modest one-person operation, the next international mega-corporation, or somewhere in-between, as you build your business plan and look to get your idea off the ground floor and up and running, you may discover that one of these cities is the perfect place to make your move.Austin, TXReferring to Austin as â€Å"the next Silicon Valley† is practically yesterday’s news, as notable tech superstars ranging from Google to Amazon and many others have already established a serious presence in this thriving and talent-rich city. As a result, Austin is experiencing an amazing explosion of business and population development and expansion- with no end in sight.And it isn’t just tech-centric companies planting their flags in Austin. Companies across all industries are eager to set up shop in Austin and get in on the action. The city is abuzz with start-up money and public and private investment opportunities, which only adds to its current draw as the edgy alternative to San Francisco and New York City.And if you’re thinking that Austin is all business, then think again- the city’s fun factor is practically off the charts, with a thriving music scene and nightlife, and bars and restaurant s abounding to serve the needs of all the employees flocking to its borders. If you’re looking for a home for your business, Austin should definitely make your short list.Salt Lake City, UTIf you’re wondering where the â€Å"next, next Silicon Valley† might be, then look no further than Salt Lake City. As San Francisco and Austin continue to evolve and everything from real estate to restaurants get more expensive, companies are giving Salt Lake City a closer look as an affordable alternative. Don’t take our word for it- companies like Electronic Arts, Adobe, and Oracle already have offices here, along with a wide range of other high-valued entrepreneurial startups. If you’re interested in getting in early on the next big thing, then setting up here just might be one of your first prophetic business moves.Raleigh, NCIf you’re looking for a thriving and vibrant home for your new company that’s just a little further off the typical beaten path, consider this edgy corner of the southern Research Triangle.More and more companies are looking at Raleigh and everything it has to offer- a young, well-educated, and talent-rich population of college graduates and seasoned workers, as well as a thriving cultural scene. Most importantly, investment money is following suit. The bottom line: Raleigh is a solid choice as a home for new businesses looking to get going and benefit from its favorable location.If you’re an entrepreneur on the rise and are looking to find the home where to build your business, then consider the choices presented here when you’re making your decision. Good luck!